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Temple of Maharraqa
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Temple of Maharraqa : ウィキペディア英語版
Temple of Maharraqa

Al-Maharraqa (Arab: المحرقة, DMG: Al-Maḥarraqa, Greek: Hierasykaminos) is a place in Lower Nubia, which was approximately south of Aswan on the southern border of the Roman empire.〔Dieter Arnold, Nigel Strudwick, Sabine Gardiner, The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture, I.B. Tauris Publishers, 2003. p.85〕 Only a few years after the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC, the Kushites from the kingdom of Meroë launched a raid on the First cataract region of Egypt in 23 BC.〔Stephen Quirke & Jeffrey Spenser (ed.) The British Museum Book of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson 1994. p.212〕 The Roman prefect of Egypt, Petronius, retaliated and defeated the invading Meroitic army. He then proceeded to station a Roman garrison of 400 troops at the southern outpost of Qasr Ibrim.〔Quirke & Spenser, p.212〕 After some negotiations, a permanent frontier between Meroë and Roman Egypt was established at Maharraqa.〔Quirke & Spenser, p.212〕 Thus, Maharraqa formed the extreme southern frontier of Roman Egypt.
==The Serapis Isis Temple of Maharraqa==

The Temple of Maharraqa was originally situated here before it was subsequently relocated in the mid-1960s due to the Aswan Dam project. It was dedicated to the Egyptian gods Isis and Serapis.〔Dieter Arnold, Temples of the Last Pharaohs, Oxford University Press, 1999. p.244〕 This Roman-built Egyptian temple cannot be securely attributed to any Roman emperor's reign since it was never fully completed nor inscribed.〔Arnold, Temples of the Last Pharaohs, p.244〕 However, since it is known that temple building declined in Nubia after the rule of Augustus, the temple of Maharraqa might be datable to his reign.〔Arnold, Temples of the Last Pharaohs, p.244〕 The only part of the structure that was finished "was a court measuring 13.56 X 15.69 m, which was surrounded on three sides by columns."〔Arnold, Strudwick, Gardiner, p.85〕 The actual temple premises containing the sanctuary was never actually built. The temple, as well, lacks a formal pylon.
The Temple of Maharraqa features an architectural curiosity with a winding spiral staircase at a corner of the court, which led to its roof.〔Arnold, Strudwick, Gardiner, p.85〕 This is the only Egyptian temple in Nubia with a spiral staircase.

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